Development of the child's abilities

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Development of the child's abilitiesYou can live your life unaware of the abilities you have. How can a person know that he has great abilities for foreign languages, if he has not studied foreign languages ​​at all, or that he has exceptional abilities for sports if he has never even done morning exercises ?!

The development of abilities does not occur spontaneously, by gravity, one cannot expect favors from nature here, it is necessary to actively intervene ourselves.

If a student studies seriously, then you will soon notice that some subjects are easy for him, others with difficulty, some interest him more, others less. In this varying ease of mastering the educational material, in varying degrees of interest, the student's abilities begin to manifest, and thus the road to the work on which these abilities will flourish is outlined.

But just entering school and attending it is still not enough for the development of children's abilities.

First of all, the child must be taught to work, to work constantly, intensely, joyfully and skillfully, not to quit the work begun, not to sit idly by under the pretext that "there is no mood." Gorky argued that he owed his successes primarily to the ability to work, love of work. Tchaikovsky said about his ability to work: “The whole secret is that I work daily and accurately. In this regard, I have an iron will over myself, and when there is no particular desire to study. I always know how to force myself to overcome reluctance and get carried away. "

To learn how to work, a student must have a firm regime, once and for all set the time of classes. Then work will become a habit, it will turn into a need.

Sometimes parents say that their son or daughter is so capable that he catches everything on the fly. “You know,” says the mother, “oil doesn't do it at all, jokingly gets A!” And in this emphasis that “he does not study at all,” even a kind of pride sounds. Of course, children master the educational material with varying speed, but without persistent and persistent work, any ability will stall.

Development of the child's abilitiesYou shouldn't be glad that “he doesn't study at all”; sooner or later, the lack of the ability to work will lead to sad consequences. I'm not even talking about the fact that such an attitude of parents gives rise to harmful superficiality and unnecessary vanity in the student.

If a student has no interest in educational work, if he studies sluggishly, if there is no enthusiasm, passion, tension in his work, such an attitude towards knowledge, towards school activities will not contribute to the development of abilities. It's boring to study without joy, without passion for what you do.

Sometimes it happens that a student, for one reason or another, has a gap in knowledge, he missed something, he did not understand something so well. This prevents him from understanding the teacher's explanation, interest disappears, and the student, and after him, the parents begin to sincerely believe that he is "incapable" of arithmetic or the Russian language.

Do you remember how in N. Nosov's story "Vitya Maleev at school and at home" Vitya, a fourth-grade student who did not go out of twos in arithmetic, speaks about himself? “I completely stopped doing tasks at home and kept trying to copy them from the guys. Why would I puzzle over these tasks? - I thought. - All the same, I do not understand them. I'd better write it off - and that's the end of it. And faster, and at home no one is angry that I do not cope with tasks.

I always managed to write off the problem from one of the guys, but our chairman of the detachment council reproached me.

- You will never learn how to do tasks if you cheat from others all the time! - he said.

“I don’t need it,” I answered. “I am incapable of arithmetic. Perhaps I will somehow live without arithmetic. "

Without doing arithmetic, Vitya was so far behind his fourth grade that he could not solve a single problem on his own.

Once believing that he is "incapable", the student weakens his efforts at work, begins to sincerely think that he will not succeed in anything good, which means that there is nothing to try.

Let that child experience success at work and things will turn out differently. Success is always inspiring, especially if it is won in the process of overcoming difficulties.

This is exactly what happened with Vitya Maleev. One day a sister, a third grade student, asked him to solve a problem for her. After reading the problem, he immediately lost heart, but it was impossible to refuse for fear of losing authority.

Accidentally bumping into the correct path of reasoning, Vitya Maleev unexpectedly solved the problem for himself. Vitya Maleev solved the problem on his own and suddenly believed that he could do it in the same way as other boys. Success inspired, interest in work was born, the boy's conviction of his "inability" was shaken.

Many years will pass, and how many such Vitya, once “incapable” of arithmetic, will successfully master higher mathematics, become engineers, foremen, and innovators of production! You just need to support them in time, give them the opportunity to experience a life-giving feeling of success, make them believe in their strengths, and so to believe so as to stop being afraid of those academic subjects for which they used to consider themselves “incapable”.

Huge impact on performance schoolboy, and thus the development of his abilities is rendered by the assessment of the results of his work by adults, authoritative people. The assessment is strict, demanding, but fair and benevolent. It makes the student think about the work done, reveals to him the prospects for further development, teaches him to correctly evaluate his achievements, not to revel in success, not to lose heart ”in case of failures:“ Yes, I did badly, but I will be able to do well, and I will do! ” - this is the conclusion to which the student should come as a result of the assessment of adults.

A few words about ability prediction. All kinds of forecasts should be treated with great caution. It must be remembered that the child's abilities are by no means drunk once and for all. In the process of training and education, they can change. there may be developmental delays, fluctuations and unexpected flowering. The human brain is extremely susceptible to the influences of the surrounding reality. The great scientist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, emphasizing this pliability, flexibility of the human brain, wrote that "... everything can always be achieved, change for the better, if only the appropriate conditions are fulfilled."

It is especially unacceptable to conclude that a student is poor in academic performance. Poor academic performance can be attributed to a number of reasons. It happens like this: due to illness, laziness, or some other reason, a gap has formed in the student's knowledge. This gap prevents him from understanding what the teacher is explaining. Interest in classes disappears, a sense of hopelessness grows. the student stops working and gradually becomes chronically unsuccessful. This vicious circle is easy to break, if you only look closely at what is reason for academic failure.

Nikolai Ostrovsky was right when he said: “We have only lazy people who are not talented. They want to be. And nothing is born out of nothing, water does not flow under a lying stone. "

A. SEMENOVA, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, "Worker", 1957


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