|
 Starting to walk and talk independently, the child strives every day to more and more actively show his growing energy. He crumples and tears paper with pleasure, tries to break toys; while bathing in the bath, he splashes water merrily, and generally tries to "act" in one way or another.
All this confirms that movement, "work" are the vital needs of the child; to form and direct this need is the most important task of raising a child from a very early age.
The first place to direct the baby's energy is self-care. The guys themselves are drawn to him, often even stubbornly refuse the help of their elders. “I myself, myself!” - they persistently repeat.
Later, the child is already willingly involved in domestic work, strives to become a "helper" for the mother around the house. Here he acquires many useful skills that gradually prepare him for the real work of an adult.
It should also not be forgotten that there are many elements of labor in a child's play. He arranges things to arrange the corner he needs, seats dolls, loads and unloads a toy truck, "bakes" sand cakes, builds a house, etc.
And yet, self-care, domestic work, labor play - that's not all.
In the child, the need for practical creative activity with various materials and tools is also manifested early.
 Observe the children. From an early age, the kid collects everything that seems to us, adults, to be unnecessary junk: there are pieces of paper from sweets, and boxes of matches, cigarettes, shoe polish, and all sorts of chickens, tree branches, nails, pieces of wire ... He needs everything!
- Come on, don't you dare pick up any garbage! Why do you need him?
The child cannot answer - why? But he already has the first creative, constructive feeling - something can be done out of this. However, he has to obey the requirements of his elders, and he regretfully abandons his precious find. Take care of your baby's desires. Sometimes you can allow him to take the thing that interests him. These boxes, nails, spools of thread and other junk material will come in handy. How many interesting activities you can do with him, how many homemade toys you can make with your child! Such a toy is often more interesting to him than a purchased one.
Many parents strongly forbid children to pick up a knife, scissors, nails, hammer. It is not right. Children can and should be taught how to safely use these tools.
It is known from observations that at 2-3 years old a child can already be taught to work with scissors and a knife, and there is no need to be afraid that he will hurt himself if only several times show him how well, carefully, slowly, cut the paper with scissors. cut off the thread when mom sews something. Show how you can cut a carrot, an apple, cut a small piece of bread with a knife. At 3-4 years old, you can complicate the work: scissors will not only cut the paper, but also cut a certain shape: a picture, a handkerchief (an even square of paper) and so on. With a knife, you can cut a stick for flowers, a pencil, pinch splinters for a samovar or stove.
At 5-6 years old, babies will be able to cut pieces of matter with the same scissors. The girls will try to dress the doll by cutting and sewing the necessary parts of her outfit with a needle. With a knife, a six-year-old kid will cut a pipe out of a stick, make a boat from a chip, hammer nails with a hammer.
One of the writers, recalling his early childhood, said that once he was immensely happy, having received a hammer and a handful of nails from his mother, which he was allowed to drive into the steps of the old staircase on which he was sitting.He set to work with passion and calmed down only when he hammered the last nail into the stairs.
Children should be introduced to the tools of labor gradually, showing clearly how, for example, to hold a knife (with the blade down - when cutting; away from yourself - when you plan a stick), how to use scissors, a hammer.
Let's start with the scissors. Scissors can be given to a child small and not heavy, with blunt, round ends, but well-honed so that work with them is easy, without much effort. Let the unnecessary paper be cut first - the child is occupied with the cutting process itself, he can cut everything indiscriminately, just because he likes the movement of the scissors. And here it is already possible to introduce an element of useful labor. The kid cut off one or two pieces of newspaper. He is pleased that he succeeded. Offer him to cut more even pieces of paper for the kitchen: mom will use them to clean dirty dishes.
But now the child has learned to cut with scissors. Let him cut a few pictures from the newspapers and put them in a box. Tell him that these pictures will be needed for work on the next day of rest. If you get old issues of the magazine, from where you can cut pictures, then the baby will be provided with work for a whole week.
The next day of rest, with the participation of the baby, sew a notebook out of white or gray wrapping paper, make glue and a cotton brush out of potato flour. Now let him put all his pictures out of the box, and you will teach him to stick them cleanly and neatly into a notebook.
 Later, paint the cut out pictures. A pencil can be given to a child very early. Already at a year and a half or two, he reaches for a pencil, wants to "write" (later he will say "draw"). The lines he draws do not yet have a definite shape, but he works with enthusiasm, and sometimes the scribbles that are incomprehensible to us already represent a "picture" for him.
The pencil for drawing and coloring should be soft, leave a bright line on the paper and give in to the movement of your fingers without stress.
After a while, you can give a two-color pencil - red and blue, and even later, when the preschooler begins to understand (with your help) in colors, buy him a set of colored pencils or simple watercolors and a brush. It is better to take a larger brush so that the child can apply paint in wide strokes.
Show your kid how to handle crayons, paints, paintbrushes whenever he starts drawing. The brush must be dipped in water, and then take one paint with it. If you need another paint, rinse the brush well, wipe it with a cloth, and then take a new paint.
Make sure that the child, carried away, does not paint the walls, floor, furniture. It is necessary to show him what can and cannot be painted. At the same time, it is useful to allow him to color this or that object - a matchbox, a cube, a stick. In the process of work, it is important to teach the child to select colors and shades, to compare them with the natural coloring of objects, plants, animals.
From an early age, a child is interested in "building material": sticks, boards, cubes. He tries to build a house, a bridge, a tower and other structures that he has seen.
Purchase building material in the form of picture cubes or building kit boxes at the toy store. But you can make it yourself, by sawing pieces of wood of various sizes and shapes from boards, round logs. If there is a carpentry or woodworking workshop nearby, ask for unnecessary trimmings there.
The harvested pieces of wood must be wiped with glass paper so that they are smooth and do not leave splinters.
Remove the bark from the slices cut from a round log, then they will become smooth and white.
You will bring a lot of joy to the kid if you work with him on the day off to prepare building material.
Observe your child when he is busy building. It moves all the time.
He will take two or three cubes, put them side by side or one on top of the other, move away, see what happened - whether they fit together.
This is not just a game, but a real creative work. After all, you need to think about what to build, what the desired structure looks like, how to start construction? There is rich food for thought and imagination. During construction, the child learns to learn the shape of objects, the number (many, few, two, three, four ...), determines the weight, distance. All this develops valuable skills, enriches with new ideas.
Paper also serves as an excellent working material for babies, starting with old newspapers, magazines, written notebooks, wrapping paper and ending with beautiful glossy paper of different colors, from which it is good to make Christmas decorations.
Why not give the kid a blank paper, new notebooks right away? I think that children should be taught from childhood to economy and frugality. Let him first learn to work with simple, junk material, and then buy him a new, clean album, notebook, new colored paper as a reward.
 It is useful to work on folding various shapes and objects out of paper. It develops the child's accuracy, perseverance, the ability to control their fingers. Let him try to fold the paper "in half", "in four", in the "middle corner". He will notice that in order to get the "envelope", you need to fold very accurately.
You can make a cockerel from paper, from it, by folding it differently, you can make a boat, and still differently - a table. From a newspaper sheet, you can make a Napoleonic cocked hat, a chef's hat, and a paper pocket that can be hung on the wall.
Now the snow has melted, streams flowed through the yard, all the children are near the water. Can you hold them back?
Invite them to build a small fleet. They themselves will bring the paper, fold boats out of it, paint them with pencils in different colors, and the motley flotilla will quickly run along the streams. It does not matter that the paper will soon get wet and spread - it will be enough for just as long as the preschooler's interest can focus on one lesson.
Paper handling is extremely varied. A child of 6-7 years old can be offered to make a notebook himself: fold and sew a small notebook, make a binding from colored paper or cardboard, sew or paste a notebook into it.
An interesting job is pricking the design on thick paper and then embroidering it. Here you will first need the help of adults. On a small piece of thick paper (about 12 X 10 cm) or on an old postcard, the contour of some animal, bird, fish is applied ... Then, holes are punctured with a thick needle along the contour at regular intervals. Armed with a needle with a thick colored thread, the child will embroider himself a picture from the pinned pattern. Then he will be able to embroider from paper of a different format as a gift to his sister, brother, father - a bookmark for a book, a napkin for a glass and other things. Such work is already a transition to sewing, embroidery. It develops attention and perseverance, it is often done with the same interest by both boys and girls.
Materials for the work of babies can be stones, water, sand, clay. They are provided to us by nature and, moreover, completely free of charge. And they open up a new wide field for the child's creative activity.
V. Brovkina
|
