|
 Speech activity in the system of human vital functions occupies a special place, since it performs the social function of communication, is a regulator of behavior and the foundation of thinking, and also ensures adaptation to the environment. That is why its violation can lead to negative consequences for the formation of personality. The most severe speech disorder is stuttering.
Stuttering is a fairly common deficiency in which the tempo and fluency of speech is impaired. A number of factors contribute to the onset of stuttering, in particular: improper upbringing in the family, severe stress of the child, conflict situations, physical punishment. Until now, doctors do not have a single view of the etiology of stuttering. However, all researchers agree that certain factors matter when stuttering occurs. Among them are a certain age of the child, features of the course of speech development, the state of the nervous system, features of the formation of interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain, the presence of mental trauma, and a genetic factor.
These reasons cause various pathological changes, lead to developmental delay, and as a consequence - contribute to the appearance of stuttering. As a rule, stuttering has more than one specific reason that causes this speech pathology; for its development, a combination of several factors is needed.
In modern theory and practice of speech therapy, there are two groups of symptoms that are closely related: social (psychological) and biological (physiological). Physiological symptoms include speech symptoms, central nervous system disorders, and general physical health. To psychological: speech stammering, the phenomenon of fixation on a defect, logoophobia.
In the world, 1.5% of adults and 2% of children suffer from stuttering. This speech defect prevents a person from choosing his favorite profession, unleashing his creative potential, and finding happiness in his personal life. Stuttering often forms negative character traits: indecision, self-doubt, dependence on others. Therefore, treatment of stuttering should be started as early as possible, that is, immediately after it occurs. Qualified, timely and effective assistance to children with stuttering has not only medical and pedagogical importance, but also social. Most often, stuttering manifests itself in childhood against the background of early speech and psychological development of neurological changes, emotional instability. If speech deficiencies are not corrected in the preschool period, then from the very first days of the child's stay in school, the speech therapist and the teacher must convince the child and his parents of the need and expediency of systematic speech therapy classes, treatment in inpatient or outpatient settings.
Cooperation of a speech therapist, psychiatrist, neurologist and psychologist, with the timely application of modern complex medical and pedagogical methods, gives positive results. In addition to traditional directions, in speech therapy correction (formation of speech technique, breath management, work on eliminating violations of the main components of speech, articulation), a variety of modern complex techniques are used, which helps to achieve positive results.
Stuttering is a serious illness, but it is amenable to correction - subject to timely referral to specialists and the start of rehabilitation measures at an early preschool age and in the early stages of the onset of this speech problem.
Tips for Parents:
- to create conditions of exceptional rest for the child, to transfer him temporarily to the so-called "silence mode" (maximum relief on the psychological and speech sphere of the child is necessary);
- communicate with the child only when absolutely necessary and only in low tones, speak a little, calmly, slowly, smoothly;
- avoid overloading, the child's participation in exciting and noisy games is contraindicated;
- prevent other children from imitating your child's fluent speech;
- adhere to a precise regimen with daytime rest and sleep;
- the child must be protected from strong impressions.
Stuttering correction is a rather difficult and long-term process, since this defect, in the vast majority of cases, can recur. Therefore, it should be remembered that stuttering can be corrected only at the initial stages of comprehensive medical and pedagogical rehabilitation and under the conditions of fulfilling all the recommendations of competent specialists. Moreover, this violation is easier to prevent than to fix it!
Asya Novikova
|
